Key: D

Detailed analysis: The phrase should describe the intensity/type of poverty. The natural collocation is “extreme poverty,” especially when followed by “slums” and “inadequate income.” “Extreme” fits strongly and logically.

Meaning fit: “extreme poverty” \(\gt\) clear, common, and matches the negative context.

Option analysis:

A. least: “least poverty” is not a normal phrase and weakens the meaning.

B. large: “large poverty” is ungrammatical in meaning; poverty is not usually described as “large.”

C. likely: “likely poverty” is incorrect; “likely” describes probability, not a type of poverty.

D. extreme: correct collocation and matches the serious situation described.

E. possible: “possible poverty” is unnatural and does not express severity.

Key: C

Detailed analysis: The sentence starts with “In cities,” so the slums being discussed are city slums. The standard phrase is “urban slums.” This matches the location clue directly.

Meaning fit: “In cities” \(\gt\) “urban slums” (direct match), while “remote” is \(\lt\) logical because remote areas are not cities.

Option analysis:

A. fare: means ticket price/food; does not describe slums.

B. small: “small slums” is not the intended meaning (size is not the main point).

C. urban: correct adjective for city-related slums.

D. remote: opposite of “in cities.”

E. suburban: suburbs are outside the city center; the most direct match is “urban.”

Key: E

Detailed analysis: The fixed expression is “earn a living,” meaning to get money from work. The sentence talks about learning skills to support themselves, so “earn” is the precise verb.

Meaning fit: “skills” \(\gt\) “earn a living” (cause–purpose relationship).

Option analysis:

A. get: possible in general English, but “get a living” is not the standard collocation.

B. owe: wrong meaning (to be in debt).

C. find: “find a living” is uncommon and less accurate than “earn.”

D. need: “need a living” is incorrect structure.

E. earn: correct collocation and exact meaning.

Key: E

Detailed analysis: The paragraph describes poverty and lack of opportunity. The income described should be not enough to meet needs. “Inadequate income” is a natural, correct phrase meaning insufficient money.

Meaning fit: Poverty context \(\gt\) “inadequate income.” “Enough/sufficient” is \(\lt\) logical because it contradicts poverty.

Option analysis:

A. much: implies a lot of income, which conflicts with poverty.

B. enough: would mean their income is sufficient; contradicts the problem.

C. sufficient: same issue as B.

D. inefficient: describes a process/system, not income amount.

E. inadequate: correct meaning (not enough) and correct collocation with “income.”

Key: C

Detailed analysis: The sentence gives advice in a strong, general rule form: to be healthy, you must do something. “You are required to eat ...” expresses obligation/necessity and fits grammatically with “to + verb.”

Grammar fit: “required to + verb” \(\gt\) correct structure; “asked to” is softer, and “told to” is possible but implies a specific speaker, which the passage does not provide.

Option analysis:

A. ordered: implies a commander; too strong and unnatural here.

B. described: wrong meaning.

C. required: best for general necessity/obligation.

D. asked: suggestion/request, weaker than the intended rule.

E. told: could fit, but it suggests someone is speaking to you; less general than “required.”

Key: A

Detailed analysis: The passage is about becoming healthy, so the blank should describe food that supports health. “Nutritious food” is the most appropriate phrase, meaning food rich in nutrients.

Meaning fit: “become healthy” \(\gt\) “nutritious food.” “junk” is \(\lt\) logical because it harms health.

Option analysis:

A. nutritious: directly supports the goal of health.

B. canned: type of packaging, not necessarily healthy.

C. cooked: cooking method; can be healthy or not, too general.

D. junk: opposite of healthy food.

E. raw: could be healthy or not, but not the main idea; “nutritious” is the clearest match.