Correct answer: B

Main reasoning: The paragraph explains how petrol (and oil) come from petroleum, and it describes the process: dead animal and plant remains were pressed under rocks and formed petroleum. This is a main-idea question, so the best answer is the broader topic: the formation of petroleum.

Option analysis:

A. Mentioned only as an opening example (petrol used in engines), but the text mainly explains where petrol comes from.

B. Correct: most of the sentences explain how petroleum is formed from dead remains under rocks.

C. The sun is mentioned briefly (“indirect aid”), but it is not the main focus.

D. Vegetable remains are only one part of the materials forming petroleum; too narrow.

E. Rocks are part of the setting/pressure, but not the main discussion.

Logic note (LaTeX requirement): The text moves from petrol to its origin; the main focus is broader than one use, so “formation” is \( \gt \) “use” in scope.

Correct answer: D

Main reasoning: The text says guests should relax, be comfortable, and it is customary to bring a small gift such as wine or fresh flowers. It does not say guests should “arrange some flowers.” That action is not supported by the passage, so it is the not suitable option.

Option analysis:

A. Supported by “Make yourself at home” (written as “Make you at home” in the text), meaning behave comfortably.

B. Supported: bringing a small gift is customary.

C. Directly supported: “relax and be comfortable.”

D. Not supported: the text mentions bringing flowers, not arranging them.

E. Supported: “a bottle of wine” is given as an example gift.

Logic note: “Bring flowers” is stated, but “arrange flowers” is an extra action; stated facts are \( \gt \) unstated additions.

Correct answer: B

Main reasoning: The passage explains how Americans show hospitality: inviting friends to an informal dinner, treating guests as family, telling them to feel at home, and bringing a small gift. The central theme is hospitality among friends in the U.S.

Option analysis:

A. The phrase appears, but it is only one detail, not the whole topic.

B. Correct: the passage is about hospitality practices and attitudes toward guests.

C. Family-style meal is mentioned, but as a detail.

D. Inviting friends is part of it, but the passage emphasizes hospitality behaviors too (treating as family, gifts).

E. Too narrow: informal dinner is the setting; the broader theme is hospitality.

Logic note: Hospitality covers more ideas than dinner format, so it is \( \gt \) “informal dinner” in scope.

Correct answer: E

Main reasoning: The passage says it is “customary to bring a small gift,” but it does not say Americans ask guests to bring presents. The other options directly describe hospitality behaviors stated in the text.

Option analysis:

A. Supported: “invite friends to their homes.”

B. Supported: guests are treated as “one of the family.”

C. Supported: “They want their guests to relax.”

D. Supported: “be comfortable.”

E. Not supported: the text states a custom, not a request/demand from the hosts.

Logic note: A voluntary custom is \( \lt \) a direct request; the passage only supports the custom.