Key: A

Detailed analysis: Y says she has a terrible headache. X responds with sympathy (“Oh, poor you”) and should offer help related to the headache. Offering medicine is the most relevant and natural response: “Can I get you some aspirin?” This is \(\gt\) the other options because they do not directly address the problem.

Speech function: Sympathy \(\gt\) offer assistance (giving medicine), not asking favors from the sick person.

Option analysis:

A. Can I get you some aspirin: correct, helpful, directly connected to a headache.

B. May I come to your house: unrelated to the immediate problem; also not the most natural first offer.

C. Could you come to my house: unrealistic because Y is not feeling well.

D. Can you do me a favour: inappropriate; it asks the sick person for help.

E. Can you help me: also inappropriate; reverses who needs help.

Key: B

Detailed analysis: The farmer expresses a desired expectation about delivery by the end of the month. The most natural verb is “hope”: “I hope you'll have delivered the fertilizer by the end of this month.” The shopkeeper replies with “I'm afraid I can't,” which fits responding to someone’s hope/request.

Grammar fit: “hope” \(\gt\) commonly introduces a clause with future perfect (“you’ll have delivered”) to express expectation by a deadline.

Option analysis:

A. plan: “I plan you'll have delivered ...” is ungrammatical.

B. hope: correct and natural.

C. want: possible, but “I want you'll have delivered ...” is not correct structure; it should be “I want you to deliver ...”

D. think: “I think you'll have delivered ...” is possible, but the reply “I'm afraid I can't” sounds more like rejecting a request/hope than correcting someone’s belief; so it is \(\lt\) B.

E. doubt: would mean the farmer expects failure, which clashes with asking about delivery by a deadline.

Key: A

Detailed analysis: Hardi shares bad news (he failed). Budi should respond with sympathy/condolence and encouragement. “Hard luck” is an expression used to show sympathy for misfortune, and it fits well before “I'm sure you will be successful next time.”

Meaning flow: Bad result \(\gt\) sympathy (“Hard luck”) \(\gt\) encouragement (successful next time).

Option analysis:

A. Hard luck: correct; sympathy for failure.

B. That's good: opposite; failing is not good.

C. Good luck: more suitable before an attempt, not after failure (though possible, it is \(\lt\) A).

D. Sincerely yours: closing of a letter, not spoken response.

E. God bless you: usually after sneezing or as a general blessing; less direct than “Hard luck.”

Key: A

Detailed analysis: “Would you like me to carry these books?” is a polite offer of help. Mr. Sumadi accepts it (“Sure”) and thanks him, confirming it is an offer.

Speech function: “Would you like me to ...?” \(\gt\) offering service/help.

Option analysis:

A. offering to do something: correct.

B. asking to do something: not correct; it is not asking permission for himself, but offering assistance to the other person.

C. apologizing: no apology is present.

D. disagreeing: the response is acceptance and thanks, not disagreement.

E. greeting: not a greeting expression.

Key: A

Detailed analysis: Tony invites Andi to a party. Andi answers, “I'm afraid I can't,” followed by a reason. This is a polite way to refuse or decline the invitation.

Speech function: Invitation \(\gt\) refusal with apology-softener (“I'm afraid...”) \(\gt\) declining.

Option analysis:

A. decline an invitation: correct.

B. ask for permission: no permission request appears.

C. agree: opposite meaning.

D. express a surprise: no surprise marker.

E. ask for an apology: Andi does not ask someone to apologize; he is refusing.

Key: C

Detailed analysis: The phrase “by 5 o'clock” indicates a deadline. To say an action will be completed before that time, English uses the future perfect: “will have finished.” So the correct sentence is: “But I will have finished it by 5 o'clock.”

Grammar clue: “by + time” \(\gt\) future perfect for completion before a deadline.

Option analysis:

A. will finish: possible, but it does not emphasize completion before the deadline as clearly as future perfect \(\lt\) C.

B. will be finishing: focuses on being in the middle of the action at 5 o’clock, not necessarily completed.

C. will have finished: correct; completed by the stated time.

D. will be finished: passive and unnatural here because the subject “I” should be doing the finishing.

E. will have been finishing: emphasizes duration up to a time, not needed here.